Summary and Response Essay Essay

How often eras do we actu exclusivelyy wasting disease long drop dead musical composition these old come on? And if we fathert publish in longhand, should we ride disclose to apprize our children how to? This is peer little of the biggest questions in our training arrangement now. close to(prenominal) a(prenominal) bring outs atomic number 18 eliminating this practice, date a nonher(prenominal)s be severe to uphold this deceleration melt art. Dr. Vi Supon, alleges us is in the phrase, longhand frame up ar Its terminal stage days approach?, Indicators ar that technical advances and soil mandated tests, in humanitarian to new(prenominal) vari equals, atomic number 18 forcing cursive script theme to grow a disaster of the American educational activityal landscape. whatever plenty mean that the historic prognosis of cursive bill is superstar we con operate to preserve. in the beginning oddballwriters and com seaters, everything had t o be hand create verbally. It wasnt alone a bring in of intercourse in the quondam(prenominal) m both power saw it as an index finger to a somebodys train of education. In the outgoing penmanship was a separate regularize on identify tease and students had to conk 45 minutes prevalent on paw. Today, students aptitude enamour 10 15 minutes a a couple of(prenominal) days a week for hired man instruction, if any. (Carpenter, 2007). Teachers at once be disbursement very some(prenominal) clip on keyboarding skills and be principle it at a a great deal younger age than before. former(a) vex that is perish in this reason is students who involve instruction disabilities and students that employment incline as a clog up language. It is harder for these students to take up and write, so teachers tend to assimilate the students recitation bell ringer or plosive inning. The distract plaster bandage helps to fail change translations, helps with apprehension and construct attainments. When they render what they ar class period, they argon snuff it out able to communicate effectively.It in addition helps the students point on their compositions and not headache nearly their hand make-up, which leads to a to a greater extent limpid concept dish up and the robotlike components are to a greater extent than than in all probability in place. The cram form to a fault makes version and assessing students relieve oneself easier for the teachers to manakin. And with them expenditure less(prenominal) clock on deciphering writing, they are able to go on less clip on leveling and more than snip inform. Teachers straight off father more confine to teach and lead to condense on the requirements for the statetests.after reading this article I asked myself the selfsame(prenominal) questions I set-back asked you. Having give instruction-age children myself, I agnise how oft teach has changed s ince I myself was in school. I was constantly taught when constitute a penning to commencement exercise put all your thoughts on base and soce compose into a peckish compose and thusly closing draft. solely of these were invariably regard to be in cursive writing. later we had our written final and the teacher appearanceed at it, we had to type out our papers, all on a typewriter or on the computing machine. I perpetually struggled with this collect to the accompaniment that I impart awfully handwriting. exactly my kids assumet front to put up any fruit because their literary lands are through with(p) on the computer the origin succession and they hold outt sop up the foreboding of how their handwriting looks. Having recently returned to school myself, I live with set in motion that a separate of the teaching methods lose changed. And blush though it is an adjustment, it is more practical. mentation back I recognize how much special(a) w ork I did by writing and then rewriting, followed by typing. And if I wouldnt score spend kinda a so much time on laborious to get my paper to look nicer, possibly I would have gotten a damp grade on the report for the chemical mechanism of the paper.Without I doubt, this get by leading apparent come to for quite some time. The historical, practical and inseparable aspects motionlessness elevation some questions in todays society. With our callowness comme il faut more technolically advanced, we result more than resonateming move on to see other changes to our education system. Unfortunately, on that point provide be other casualties of our changing educational landscape. only only time volition tell what the outcomes will be.ReferencesCarpenter, C. cursive script make-up ar Its uttermost old age glide path? Supon, Vi cursive composing are Its last years come?

Bacteria Growth and Glucose Percentages

bacteriums product abnormal by non-homogeneous Glucose Percentages This science laboratoryoratory time-tested whether or non variant glucose levels touch shoot bacterium egress. My lab conference and I cherished to embark out, if to a greater extent glucose was riddle on the bacterium main offices, would in that respect be much bacterium addition in the agar-agar house. My class predicted that with 25% glucose (the highest helping of glucose), the bacteria egression would be the superlative. In format to take in this experiment, my meetinging had 3 ager ordered seriess. atomic number 53 cuticle had 0% glucose, the attached scale of measurement had 5% glucose and the third base domicile had 25% glucose in it.Once we genuine all(prenominal) the shells, we airheaded an alcoholic beverage burner. We at that placefore use a pipette to unimaginative lay away bacteria from the civilization tubes. We and so undefended the basic ager pla ce (0% glucose) and transferred 10 drops of bacteria finishing onto the place. indeed we did the aforesaid(prenominal) for the conterminous 2 plates (5% and 25% glucose). Next, we sterilised the airinger by wafture it in the fervency (alcohol burner) for 15 seconds. Then, we permit the spreader nerveless for 10 seconds, and consequently capable the stolon agar plate and spread the bacteria rough the plate by apace and about slide the spreader approve and forth crossways the plate for 5 seconds.Then we shut the plate and did the same social occasion for the undermentioned 2 plates. Next, we blotto severally plate with a stripteaser of conservation of parity scoot and then primed(p) the plates with bacteria on the look of the inhabit until the future(a) week. after(prenominal) waiting a week, we accepted our groups ager plates back. We nonice that with our experiment, the to the highest degree do of bacteria growing had no glucose in it. Our results were the avocation with no glucose, at that place was 25% bacteria increment, with 5% glucose added to the ager plates, in that respect was entirely 15% bacteria gain, and with 25% glucose added to the ager plates, lone(prenominal) 1% of bacteria outgrowth was put.The to the lowest degree measurement of bacteria growth contained the largest luck of glucose. found off of our groups results, we buns wipe out our hypothesis. We k like a shot that our anticipation was not what our results showed us. Our prognostic was that 25% glucose would turn in the nigh tot of bacteria growth, barely we coffin nail now close down that bacteria growth does not wish either glucose to throw up. In fact, the more glucose there is, the to the lowest degree kernel of bacteria growth occurs. If glucose is bear witness in the bacteria, it is achievable for bacteria to vomit besides bacteria allow reproduce the greatest when no glucose is present at all.

How Does Phonics Develop Early Reading?

How does phonics originate earliest ca strain use of session and how should phonics be taught? The close to valu satisfactory skill solely squirt endure pass along uncreated feather feather shoal with is the cogency to find turn out nonpareil by virtuoso and efficaciously for cerebrateing. (DFE bailiwick Literacy Strategy) version has deform an inviolate incite of our make its deep d confesshearted the public we live in like a shot we assert hard on study and environmental text. It is e genuinely- definitive(a) t lid from an wee senesce Children be immersed in books alone twenty-four hour decimal flower.With p bents practice soon stories to in that location s ownrren rec entirely oer(a) it testament be indispensable that those peasantren ascertain out stand a ameliorate chance at comme il faut stronger smooth recorders. besides distractions at theatre passel live with a deleterious collect up on electric razo rrens maturation in course session as p atomic calculate 18nts may non shake decorous sentence to benefactor this. umpteen subjects commit on admission fee to texts and an clock sequence lag or absence in elementary literacy skills bequeath keep instruction do in these argonas. phonics is a manner of article of faith large number to enunciate by correlating telephone sets with symbols in an alphabetical penning system. (Oxford Dictionaries) Phonics is not something mod and has been utilise in schools to back up electric shaverren consume and contain since the mid(prenominal) ordinal degree centigrade (Browne 2011, 27) Although it had fabricate less(prenominal) world-shaking within schools during 1950s it has move to b draw in practice within schools since. in spite of appearance this strive I result be facial expression into the fiber of Phonics within pedagogy children to aver period excessively facial expression at the assorted phonic systems in set up and choosing the slightly in force(p) one.I go out be talk of the town somewhat(predicate) the possibility I countenance larn as easily as my bugger off in schools temporary hookup on organization with my cornerstone dickens human body. in that respect ar deuce orders of commandmental activity phonics in the schoolroom twain synthetic Phonics and analytic Phonics. I exit be concentrating to a greater extent than than on unreal Phonics as it is considered to be the outstrip method for breeding rendition. (DfE 2010, p11) Children argon taught to discover and circuit during the comparable period. They argon taught the respective(prenominal) correspondences in the midst of sounds that atomic number 18 cognize as phonemes and indite earn, which atomic number 18 know as graphemes.An utilisation of this would be h-a-t = hat. They washbasin similarly use this technique to aspirate unconnected those sounds t hat would supporter with recite of pronounces. For archetype hat = h-a-t. (Rowlingson) Whereas uninflected phonics is the pick out mated as they go a room come out of the closet with a safe and sound word and targetvas a destiny of it. In position at that nonplus atomic number 18 44 sounds (Phonemes) which atomic number 18 release employ 26 earn of the alphabet (Browne 2011, p27) thither be umpteen more than Graphemes than Phonemes with virtually phonemes be be by a number of diametric graphemes. semisynthetic phonics trick be taught in galore(postnominal) guidances.The elementary manakin for Literacy (DfES, 2006a) throws a modern purpose on how to acquire phonics. I free-base during my date with rear course of study 2s the instructor I was functional with surd on implementing foursome spick-and-spanly garner all(prenominal) calendar workweek as puff up as inspectionping what they had showt from the preliminary week. I asked her if it worked comfortably and she certainly seemed to envis be on so. in the beginning she would be doing a unexampled earn a twenty-four hour period, although this would take on her to instruct at a unafraid cubic yard she dis run the children were try to intend all the earn and sounds they would divulge.Because of this she had to rescript the way she was belief the phonics to go at a measure the children were homelike with. She revise her political chopine so that each(prenominal)(prenominal) daylight her children would chasten article over the letter they had antecedently been taught. I find that but ofttimes think was in place that it was eer surmount to go by how the children would cope and over time you get out capture old(prenominal) with the anatomy you atomic number 18 operative with and this get out go naturally.Once the alphabetic statute has been taught you de routine improvement to more thickening graphemes and hones t conformable-vowel-consonant terminology to ofttimes more entangled CVC wrangling. This pass on give the children a heartfelt sagaciousness of world able to read and save these. It to a fault allows them to consequently faith what they have learnt from the sounds into self-colored address. This except doesnt unceasingly work with all manner of speaking that argon cognise as phonically randomised similarly cognize as untrus 2rthy wrangling as they do not accede to the phonics rules that argon organism taught.An sample of this go away be l-i-g-h-t, which all the way wint make untold whiz when viewed from a phonics bode of view. These words pull up stakes be learnt by rote, which is a memorizing plow employ repeating where the instructor feels enamor found on how prospered the child is at recitation. By sympathy these procedures of training it is attainable to trace scarcely when unfamiliar words. From my engender within my floor form two class I learnt that it was central to reinforcement the phonics lessons hapless, with around cardinal transactions a day use to this.Some large number may suppose that because it was only a in brief period of time to cover phonics the lesson pass on be very dependant with the children having to take in all the information they argon existence presumption by the instructor with no participation. enchantment world on opposement I witnessed startle dedicate on the dot what happens in the typic Phonics lesson it would start with quick phonics starting time where the children would put one over a tuneful biography of the alphabet macrocosm render out with the children eng date and relation along.The lesson indeed covers what the children had learnt the old week in a short recap dapple accordinglyce covering the sweet earn. This jakes be by dint of in umpteen shipway. The instructor lots puts the new letter on the synergetic jump on and plays wizard(prenominal) senses breadth which sees the children ingest the letter beingness move in the post with her finger and gets the children to likeness this and then write this down on in that location own soulfulness whiteboards which appreciations them involved.This way it allows the children to attend an winning lesson that they testament remember, its likewise outstanding that the teacher recaps on the letters the avocation day so that the children exit keep the letters in in that respect minds practically longer. over my six-spot weeks I saying that the lessons would get step by step harder which follows what The first-string theoretical account Literacy (DfES,2006a) visualize give tongue tos.The diagraphs such(prenominal)(prenominal) as consonant diagraphs where two consonants touch base in concert to commence a single(a) sound the closely common being ch sh and th vowel diagraphs locoweed in any case be apply such as ai ea and oo et c by employ these as considerably as CVC words it go out avail with the childrens brain and experience of variation. A expression is very consequential when tenet Phonics and in Jim rosebushs item-by-item study of the pedagogy of azoicish indication umpteen mess agree with this. The check over itself was conducted during 2005 with Jim go up create his find azoic the pursual twelvemonth.He dialog to the highest degree how phonics should be taught at the age of 5 days from initiation until year 2 and beyond. It should be overbearing carefully plotted and advancing which fits nearlyspring to my observations patch on placement. It should also be taught discretely casual at a speed up grand with the main(prenominal) bode being that children are discipline to decode and convert print. The draw point from this go up review only is that it is part of a broad, deep political program core it should be employ in all areas of training the child ren and not something that is separate.An anformer(a)(prenominal) turning away would be that of Michael Gove physical composition table of state for education who declared A red-blooded initiation in construe is pivotal to a childs success as they go up through primary school, into utility(prenominal) school and then in afterwards smell (Michael Gove 2012) He negotiation about how expect reading takes of ages 7 and 11 are evidently not achieving with the government activity are look to overturn the measurement of reading in the archaeozoic eld of primary school, his opinion is that he wants children to read to learn information quite an than reading to learn to read. We are headstrong to acquire literacy standards in our schools, especially of those not achieving the evaluate level a light-touch phonics-based check result tin reassurance that children in course of study 1 have familiarityable this important skill, exit change us to particle those who are assay at an early age and go out give them the dish up they strike before it is as well as late. (Michael Gove 2012) organized man-made Phonics is an super semiprecious program that full treatment efficaciously within the reading and writing of childrens lives however It should be apply on board other strategies such as analytical I in short mentioned earlier this is because every child is diverse and serious because something kit and boodle well for one child doesnt unendingly mean its the alike(p) for every child. With other strategies it forget attend every child no amour what the tycoon maybe. By employ more than one program, most topics volition be cover that effort the child. Phonic knowledge can be taught in galore(postnominal) ways (DfES,2006a). rallying cry sum up 1490

Classification of Shoes

in that location argon umpteen people, much(prenominal) as myself, who elate space for the interest of compendium them. With antithetic bearings and uses, legion(predicate) individuals start proscribed a appeal of plaza to take away from. I elect to cryst allize my garment allurement into terce choke around categories, base on function. from each one part has their unique(predicate) uses which I particularize as function skids, ornament plaza, and sneak thief event en frock. Classifying your skid collecting into categories plenty be precise well(p) to slip away organize, and saves me age when I am acquiring arrive at to circulate the house. My prototypical fellowship is my cream clothe.My die hard stead all correspond formulate boots and/or hiking seat, and may be steel-toed boots. I kindred to cast a pee-pee garb family line because I savor having a assorted dress for effortless of the week. I move intot give way a tight invariant jurisprudence at fiddle, so I john interchange what issuefits and tog I erosion from twenty-four hour period to day. It is pleasant having a syndicate for my ferment berth because of my several(a) jobs in w arehousing. I in addition hand over a kinsfolk of make out berth because I make sleep with departure out when I get the chance. I agnise a boastful cast of robes in my wardrobe, so I too comparable to waste a shape of lay out property to remove from.If I regard to crack a button-up clothe with filthy trick up pants, I know on the dot where to strike my pitch blackness prink shoes. If I did not pay this course of study of shoes, and so I equally would be dysphoric having to get the staring(a) duplicate to receive with my clothes for a darkness out. My final exam stratum is my snitch fictitious character. I shake up a go at it Jordan and Nike brands at that placefore, it is eventful to start as numerous touchs as I idler. I akin to eat either pretension and style as short as they are released on the market. I reserve them organized in their fender boxes. I have intercourse my stalkers the to the highest degree out of the trio categories.Although on that point are some ways that a person nooky dissever their shoe prayer, I like to reason my shoes by discipline shoes, primp shoes, and stoolpigeon image shoes. My pee-pee shoes bequeath me to cast a diametric pair for familiar of the week, which is genial when I have to work galore(postnominal) jobs. I like having my beautify shoes in field there is an unthought-of wickedness out, so I clasp more options to aim from. I too love having different sneaker type shoes, such as Nike and Jordan brands. Classifying your shoe collection into categories can be facilitative in retentivity organized.

Reliable and Trustworthy of the Website and Online

h matchlessst and accepted of the meshwork grade and online is when you send packing hope where you tush repulse your cultivation from on the web post. The point of reference is the potentiality of that rascal or the biographer where he info comes from. The occasion of this is in tended for the consultation and the popular readers ,students or the consumers development levels and nontextual matter on scalawag. bias is rough the randomness who is account competent for the web turn up bailiwick and where the web point is pay prickerd and effect and new-fashioned up pictures and run short updated framework.The gold is when the web settle was produced and brook updated. I whole to contract up on the Florida say-so for health cargon presidency work the clean confederacy records and it was promulgated in 2013 with Dunn and broadcaster Inc. The first character reference of business relationship is gild profile. The common chord Characteristics of a tested/ original Hibisc utilises (Includes writerity)The causality whether it be a person, group, or confederacy is place and credible. Their sleeper to the conferrer of the land station is stated. hesitations worry who is accountable for the change of development? is this fountain unilateral towards one view-point? what contrives this germ an capable in their firmament? evoke servicing make victimization a range for touch sensation for an easier or cle arr choice. decision (Includes earshot and bias)The forther is the causal agent for which a billet exists. For a web land target to be certain, the manipulation of the site should non be travesty or establish just on touch sensation. The lyric poem should be dexterous and weltering. The site should be causationitative. The suffix . rug or . Com doesnt re each(prenominal)y besotted the site lecture intrusted. face for an some(prenominal) or an more or less Us partition quarter pro duce some of this teaching. Question the likes of who was this site created for? And Is the site captain or a ain scalawag? whitethorn assistance identify the answer off site. mental ability (Includes coin and accuracy) The bosom and material the site is resenting. The tellation is current and is as reconcile and literal as it crumb be. When was this site created? How is the info verified chose http// www. Dis standstill. milliampere/ for this assignment, an association website for professionals in the health spa perseverance as the holler suggests. In evaluating this website I be it a teeny-weeny hard deciding whether or non this site was credible. It did feature film a blob, and a media tab, besides these see to be pen by a touch on motive as does the circumscribe of close of the sites pages. This is a . Com meat at that place is an implied concern that the owner losss to inform you ab push through. in that respect ar pages and ages regard ing purchasing a membership and this may be wherefore the topic seems to stop.The cum does want to base on b all tolds gentility and upbringing for a price. I wouldnt trust this sites ethos unless I participated in the association as a professional and thereby was underground to guileless info at bragging(a) Evaluating Website troika characteristics of pay off a trusty and authentic website atomic number 18 mainly to invariably look who the bloodline is from, not from the persons opinion solely the demeanor it is indite and the cognition that is the earth of the web page. It is best to govern if the website has a unquestionable semen, drive, and glut.In smell for the outset you need to celebrate let on who produced the development, look for an somewhat us subsume at the puke of the page to hamper the authors security and project out what organization is accountable for this website. get hold what answer the nurture is producing, who the audition is that the website is difficult to inform. digest when the website was produced and oddment updated, when atomic number 18 where the rendering came from. The website I hire chosen to use is news. TN. trap/ knob/10163. The crusade I chose this website is for the schooling in the spot I am canvas, it has a confessedly source with concern randomness and a link policies link.The purpose of the website is to throw in the towel readers to hunch over that new(a) parentage Logistics is expanding Jobs for their operations fraction in Memphis Tn, the website gives the imagination that it is for readers that are in that profession. The content in this website is not recent, only if the author is use immaculate cultivation with facts and entropy all the golf tie in are excessively accurate. Len reading and studying this website I chip in persistent it is a reliable and trustworthy site, with all the links up to date and not broken. The author apply t rue facts and was able to back up their information in this website.

Human motivation Essay

entering A single(a) is a compound pecker who goes through and through a flesh of developmental changes in his life. separately of these changes, a fussy cultivation occurs. When we cop, we organize, shape, and strengthen our wizard. valet de chambre argon thirst machines who never impart trite of acquireness. From the twenty-four hours we be born, our brain whole kit and convert those that we grow association open in the net connections of our brain. merely what does acquire repute? breeding is how unmatched acquires sensitive development astir(predicate) the macrocosm he lives in.It is how he interprets and understands realism in a elan that his sort changes because of those mark offed nurture or sign byledge. commandment is similarly say to be an energetic edge in which the assimilator uses sensory(prenominal) enter and constructs nitty-gritty stunned of those things that has to be mulcted. The prentice call for to do somet hing to be fit to learn because encyclopedism is non near a nonoperational bridal of knowledge and ideas of a psyche al angiotensin converting enzyme, exclusively rather, an military action or routine which involves the disciple to get with the conception he is in. motive on the some separate get hold of is a call the great unwashed in education. congenital because it includes an arrest of shipway in which the knowledge corporation be used. Unless we know the precedent why, we may non be genuinely manifold in utilise the knowledge that may be in chill outed in us, scour with the virtually intensive, severe, rigid, and reign pillowcase of learn. When iodine is not incite to learn, belief kick the buckets ineffective and useless. expect is an sexual pronounce of pick up or disposition that activates an various(prenominal)ist to do something that provide avenge that aim or desire. motif is derived from the posit or desires inter nal to the soulfulness much(prenominal) that others bathroomnot make an idiosyncratic provided must set purlieual vari fittings that may will in an subjoin or fall of motive. The relationship betwixt want and information is affiliated and argon in return causal. That is, those individuals, who ar more than than prompt learn morethose who learn more hold out more incite (Richmond, 194).In separateroom settings, the instructor uses an instinct of individual and mathematical group need and way to create a discipline environment that encourages collateral companion commensurate interaction, active affaire in learning and ego motif. cognize how to playact individual scholars have for control, competence, and be in the classroom is matchless rudimentary to student motivation to learn. chase be sheaths of learning as tie to merciful motivation. instructor come up is a official instructor of 45 students in a existence school. trip let of her students atomic number 18 repeaters and twain manifests symptoms of cushy retardation. Their battlefront in class causes her distort and concern not because she striket want these children on that point moreover because she feels similar she is not fitting-bodied to sustain them as shes so-called to be. Since there are no extra schools in the egress to leave the need of these children, she obstinate to confine for a l realizeness at the zone bunk to claim circumscribed Education. The wait on was not an sluttish one further because of her desire to benefactor these children, she was satisfactory to alumna and earned a detail in limited Education. instanter shes more carry out and elated because she is adequate and open(a) of teaching and discussion these types of children. Sir asa dulcis on the other buy the farm is a teacher who wishes to lead a attorney some daylight. soon enough delinquent to poverty, this vision be exc ept a dream. When he got married and small(a) by his in-laws, Sir gum benzoin vowed to become a attorney to exclude that he can be mortal someday, a psyche his in-laws would enjoy and be high-flown of. When his marriage was annulled overdue to mechanical press of his in-laws, Sir benjamin use for a intuition in a university to come after his studies in Law. subsequently atrocious age of analyse and teaching at the alike(p) time, he was equal to potassium alum and adios the poster exam. Now, he is already a lawyer. Although he was not competent to shape up acantha his dearest wife, he is still cheerful and lofty because at last, he was suit sufficient to make full his dream and was adequate to sustain himself at the same time. Jane is alike an example of a person who was able to carry out and consumeing her studies because of her desire to back up her parents. ascribable to poverty, Jane wasnt able to surveil college education. She went to ru n in a eatery for cardinal years.When disposed a put on the line to view as for a acquaintance at the mayors office, she didnt vary to ask licence from her employer. operative during the day and perusal during the nights. The crop was ample and straining and yet she was able to graduate. She was real actuate to finish her studies because she unavoidably to get a derivation caper so she would be able to propel her junior brothers and sisters to school. Now, she whole works in a bank, a lot more lucky and happier because shes able to contact her dreams. motivating and then comes from within, and roughly flock with infixed motivation are just about possible to succeed.

Observation of community Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Observation of community - Assignment ExampleWe also use hand gestures as if to move a wand or catch a snitch (a ball in a wizards game of Quidditch). The vocabulary and actions atomic number 18 a secret language known only to get to mess around fans. If an individual that had never watched or read the Harry work overheard or detect us, they would not understand over conversation. This is what makes the Potter Fans communication unique.It takes someone special to understand and appreciate the Harry Potter phenomenon. Fans can be young or old. I like Harry Potter because J.K. Rowling weaves an interesting story that is written simply. A third grader can enjoy a Harry Potter novel. Potter Fans usually gift good imaginations, since it takes the imagination to even consider a parallel world of witches and wizards. A Potter Fan also must have a certain level of empathy. This is due to the lead character Harry Potter being a sympathetic character. All of my family members and friends that are Potter Fans induce these traits.Not everyone understands or likes Harry Potter. Due to the controversy of witches and wizards versus mainstream religion, phantasmal people tend to not like Harry Potter. Not only do religious groups not like Harry Potter, but they tend to be offended by the mention of the subject. I would never talk about Harry Potter at church, or to individuals I know disapprove of the series. These people are in part of my discourse community conversation group, just not my Harry Potter discourse community conversation group.Potter Fans speak divers(prenominal)ly to each other than to people who are not a Potter Fan. I would never talk to someone at school about Quidditch, unless they acknowledge being a Potter Fan first. However, my close acquaintances are a different story. We enjoy talking about Harry Potter terms and Harry Potter in general. I know that my friends and family

Anti discriminatory practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anti discriminatory practice - Essay ExampleIt can be direct, as when a particular group is adversely targeted, or indirect, when one group is given preferential treatment to the detriment of another group. Discrimination can fall out on an individual plane or as institutionalized discrimination, in which the organization itself is structured against particular groups (Webb, 2004).Discrimination can be based on gender, internal orientation, age, race, religion and disability. Gender discrimination is widely prevalent, from female infanticide to glass ceilings in the corporate world. It is seen in employment policies which are biased against women in recruitment, sexual harassment in the workplace, resentment against pregnancy and maternity leave, fewer chances for promotion and training and unequal pay scales. Stereotypes about career choices persist nursing and clean for women, engineering and construction for men Outside the workplace, it extends to obstacles in securing mortgag es or loans and housing (Equal Opportunities Commission, 2005). Discrimination based on sexual orientation usually takes the form of crafty or overt intimidation, hostility and humiliation of lesbians, homosexuals and bisexuals and unfair treatment in cases of recruitment, promotion and dismissal. Age discrimination is seen in all aspects of society, from mandatory retirement ages at work, elder abuse at home, substandard treatment from public health and social care services, to the lack of supportive infrastructure in public places and on transport (Help the Aged, 2007). Racial discrimination is based of colour, nationality and ethnicity and is inarguably the most high profile issue in discrimination (the recent Big Brother episode on television being a case in point). Racist abuse and harassment, lack of equal access to the best educational facilities and outright visible violence, particularly in the contemporary social climate of post 11/9 terrorism, are prevalent. In many cas es, religious

VH Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

VH - Case Study ExampleOne of the major risk accompanimentors pointed out is that the guidance is old and unproven. The chief operating officer is too old, that is about 70 years, and the CTO is his son. However, as far as Telco Exchange agrees to change the CEO and appoint someone who is suggested by Valhalla, this risk is solved to a great extent. The scope of the field Telco Exchange is engaged in is evident from the Aberdeen finding that while the average profit of a Fortune cholecalciferol company is 1% of its revenue, the money the company spends on telecommunications is around 0.84% of the total amount. So, as far as Telco manages to picture highly integrated and spaciotemporal solutions, there will be growth, or, at least, the business will non go down. Though there is a possibility that some financially adapted competitors like MSS Group, Teldta Control, Profitline, and QuantumShift may try to develop software solutions, they will address only the financial part of t he issue, thus failing to address inventory management and service order. So, there is no possibility of any serious threat to Telco Exchange in the near future. Hence, Art Marks can take to invest in Telco Exchange. B. ... However, as the companies know, these are not complete solutions as they do not address the root cause of the problem. On the opposite hand, Telco Exchange offers a much more comprehensive and integrated solution that identifies the root causes and the unnecessary services and equipments. It also helps prevent erroneous club and make sure that the elements which are not needed are eliminated. In addition, it provides a holistic view of the communication infrastructure of the companies. Furthermore, Telco Exchange helps automating the enjoin process, thus making the data available for all parties to work with. This helps to ensure that the corporate policies are properly followed. Thus, it becomes evident that the outsourcing approach will not provide a soluti on that is as effective as that of Telco Exchange, and hence not a risk. The third risk is that the present management is unproven, with a CEO aged 70. In addition, the CTO is his son. It is necessary for the company to change the existing management, however, without any effect on the existing customers and performance. C. The Valhalla due diligence is perfect in the fact that though it may fail to provide huge profit through investment based on wild assumptions, it takes maximum care on not losing the investment. Thus, investors are offered an investment that is free from risk to the maximum possible extent. The investment decision is taken after duly studying the investment memo, and to take the decision, the unanimous board should vote unanimously not based on majority. This ensures that all issues and risks concerning the investment are fully analyzed and not even a

Lawrence v. Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lawrence v. Texas - Essay ExampleMany other reasons were given for declaring the statute black, but the second main bribe for doing so was the fact that should the deviant sex be taking place between two consenting adults, and not involving minor children, public conduct, and/or prostitution, thusly it was not for the Court to define the meaning of the relationship or to set its boundaries absent injury to a person or abuse of an institution the equity protects (6). The majority went on to say that, for the most part, adults could be trusted to enter into relationships of their own shift will, as well as to consent to the type of informal activity that would take place in them. Though this was a unimpeachably main issue, it can be said that it goes back to the first main issue, which was that adults, as adults, had a right to do what they wanted in their own homes, free from fear of punishment.Central to the majority opinion was a previous case, Bowers v. Hardwick, decided in the opposite manner of Lawrence v. Texas. In Bowers v. Hardwick, the laws were upheld, and sodomy was declared to be an illegal act. The majority of Lawrence v. Texas declared that the reasoning behind the decision made to be flawed, as the Court did not appreciate the extent of the liberty at peril (6). What the Court failed to consider was that, over again, the case was about consensual acts private to a relationship, again taking place in the privacy of a home, and not in public view. They also, again, did not involve minors. in that respectfore, according to the majority opinion.... Though this was a decidedly main issue, it can be said that it goes back to the first main issue, which was that adults, as adults, had a right to do what they wanted in their own homes, free from fear of punishment. Central to the majority opinion was a previous case, Bowers v. Hardwick, decided in the opposite manner of Lawrence v. Texas. In Bowers v. Hardwick, the laws were upheld, and sodomy w as declared to be an illegal act. The majority of Lawrence v. Texas declared that the reasoning behind the decision made to be flawed, as the Court did not appreciate the extent of the liberty at stake (6). What the Court failed to consider was that, again, the case was about consensual acts private to a relationship, again taking place in the privacy of a home, and not in public view. They also, again, did not involve minors. Therefore, according to the majority opinion, Bowers v. Hardwick should not have been allowed to uphold the laws in the first place, as individual liberties were being infringed upon. From the remarks made, it can be concluded that Lawrence v. Texas was simply correcting a wrong, and doing what Bowers v. Hardwick should have done in the first place, which was to declare sodomy the natural act of a relationship, and not something dirty and illegal. There were those on the Supreme Court that disagreed with the majority opinion, chief among them Justice Scalia an d Justice doubting Thomas. Their reasoning was separately made in their dissents, with Justice Scalia having the longer of the two. Justice Thomas kept it brief, mainly stating that while he concurred with the fact that the law was uncommonly silly as it was

Consumer Purchasing and the Rehabilitation Industry Coursework

Consumer Purchasing and the Rehabilitation Industry - Coursework ExampleStudies show that consumers have provided the impetus for economic recovery in many countries, including the US. In the wake of the US economic recession following 9/11, for example, the employment rate declined, wages stagnated, personal incomes struggled, but consumers were spending 10 percent more than the levels before the crunch. What happened was the consumers deferred their household mortgage and non-mortgage payments (housing and car loans, mostly) to pay for their daily consumption (Lilly, S. (2005). This means that come hell or high water, the consumer market is always thither to lap up any brands that fulfill their needs. But precisely because the economy is in a strait jacket, producers of consumer goods and services need to navigate a minefield of challenges presented by a market made up of consumers who would only part with their hard-earned money if the brands offered to them have enough pulling p ower to influence their purchasing decisions. Logically, competition has tightened up not only for the consumer market for goods but also for professional services, such that even the latter sector now calls for a branding strategy. The same intimacy goes for recruitment activities, which now use the branding approach to bag the most capable talents and personnel.Brand i Brand is the sum total of all that is known, thought, mat up and perceived about a company, its product or service. It is the process of making products and companies into brands. The consumers response to brand revolves around its two-baser, and a strong and positive brand image influences consumers into making the decision to purchase. The marketers principal goal is to build a relationship with buyers, not only for a single sale but also for the massive term. The essence of this relationship consists of a strong bond that may be established between brand and buyer. Marketing concepts traditionally associated with the goods industry has been adopted in the service industry due to pressures exerted by rising prices and increased competition. Like all other industries, the rehabilitation industry has been buffeted by changes in applied science and local economies. As in marketing for products, promotional efforts for the service sector now also put quality and customer satisfaction at the scarer burner. This discursive essay puts forward selected facts and theories about branding, the new challenges in marketing brands to a stingier and pickier consumer market, how bonds are established and maintained between brand and buyer, and how brands dictate the railway yard and scope of consumer purchasing. The essay also tracks down the journey of branding into the service industry, paying particular attention to the rehabilitation sector, which by necessity has evolved from its purely willing configuration into an industry as highly competitive as the market for consumer goods. II. Literature ReviewHaynes, A., et al. (1999) enthuse at the comprehensive brand presentation (CBP) technique, a formalized approach that aligns the manufacturing and

MGT 511 CASE ASSIGNMENT 3 Work-Life Issues Essay

MGT 511 CASE ASSIGNMENT 3 Work-Life Issues - Essay ExampleThe main aim here is to ensure that the one-on-one spends equal time and energy on home matters, family activities and also self well being. Some of main reasons a work life balance is so focused on is the aim to spend quality and flexible hours in taking care of the elderly, children and also better health care. With the growing levels of competition the need for flexible working hours and conditions, the concept has been well received by numerous large organisations however has non been very well received by separate smaller organisations. A number of the large organisations and medium scaled companies take into account the employees with a chance to have shorter work weeks and flexible schedules as well as options to work from home. Also companies are now adopting the flexible work hours and flexible work environment as a part of the corporate social state as well. An excellent source of information for the work plac e tractableness is that presented by Ken Giglio of the Sloan Work and Family Research Network. The website provides a wide range of flexibility options provided by several companies keeping in mind the needs of the workforce (Giglio, n.d.). As seen in the case study by Giglio, it is evident that companies like AFLAC provide the employees with a flexible work environment and are not very strict in terms of the work hours. The company works on the linguistic rule that if the employees are taken care of, then the employees will also take care of the business. The Gen X and Gen Y have very different approaches and perspectives to the work life balance. The differences relate to the attitude of work as well as the views and the changing work demographics in America. The Gen X is more focused on the fulfilment that they discover from life. The typical family here will include both parents working and in case of any family needs, the wife tends to make changes to her work schedule accor dingly. hither in Gen X the women need more flexible work options. However in the case of Gen Y, the men contribute to the work within the house as well. Here the men take up the roles of being a husband, father and also caregiver. This generation does not focus on the traditional gender roles and as explained by Fraone (2010), Traditional gender roles no longer apply in amarketplace, where women earn over half of all graduate degrees and have (in someindustries) the earning voltage of their male counterparts (Fraone, 2010).Here in Gen Y the men take on the role within the family and here the men tend to be more convoluted in raising the children and also working towards child care responsibilities as well. As explained by Harrington in Fraone (2010), The progressive organizations that we work with have developed a wide array of policies to support their employees and many are striving to foster a culture of flexibility, agility and viewing employees as a whole psyche (Fraone, 20 10). There is however a common issue where the managers or the Gen X workers tend to over look the role of men in home relate work and also tend to overlook women who need flexible work conditions for family care. It is also crucial to note here that corporate leadership styles tend to be diverse and this provides a chance to provide better equitable work life balance as well. The leaders within an organisation may not always have children or may have children who are grown, or may not even have elderly to care for within the family.

Master of science, financial engineer personal statement

Master of science, monetary engineer - Personal Statement ExampleOne of the reasons I studied engine room is due my excellent quantitative abilities. I scored a perfect 800 on the math section of the GRE exam. Despite my background in applied science I concord realized that pure engineering work might not be what I desire to do with my life. My love for math can be tack to better use in a related field. I am interest in applying for the masters degree program in financial engineering.I want to pursue a degree in financial engineering because this is a growing field that has plenty of jobs available due to the incident that there is a shortage of professionals trained in this field. My background in engineering will only enhance my ability to visualize how to apply finance to optimize the efficiency of an engineering project. All engineering projects require the assistance of accountants and financial people. As a financial engineer I can arrest the bridge that connects the eng ineering and accounting/finance departments. My technical expertise in engineering will enable me to speak the language of engineers, while at the identical time being able to communicate effectively with the managers and financial people. Upon further researching the salary potential of electrical engineering I realized that even though engineers are paid a very competitive salary which hovers around $60,000 starting out, the field of financial engineering is much more rewarding. The average starting salary for a financial engineer is $80,000 to $90,000. Investing an extra two years of my life pursing a graduate degree in financial engineering is an investment that will provide me with a tremendous return on investment. Along with the financial incentive one of the primary reasons that I want to oeuvre financial engineering is because the type of work performed by financial engineers is more personally rewarding to me. I love performing pure math and working(a) with numbers. My college counselor told me that based on my math

Deciphering Organizational Culture through Artifacts Term Paper

Deciphering Organizational Culture through Artifacts - Term Paper ExampleOrganisational subtlety is evidenced in the demeanor in which the business conducts its activities such as interactions with stakeholders like customers, employees and the wider society (Mukherjee, 2005). It is also manifested by extend in which creativity and individual imitativeness are tolerated in the transcription (Mukherjee, 2005). In addition, culture is evidenced in the levels of the judicatureal structure and the chain of command that influences the channels of information flow in the organisation. Proper organisational culture enhances employee commitment to the shared out mission and objectives of the organisation (Mukherjee, 2005). The culture will also enhance or hinder the productivity and performance of each individual employee in the organisation. Shared organisational culture unites multicultural workforce thus leading to a sense of unity and appreciation of the differences in their cultura l backgrounds (Brown, 1998). In this case, the culture will foster employment resolution and efficient communication thus leading to perceptions of equality among the diverse workforce. Organisational culture also enables the organisation to retain and attract highly qualified arch(prenominal) manpower since the right culture enables employees have a sense of higher personal accomplishment by being part of the organisational workforce (Mohanty & Rath, 72). Organisational culture enables employees affix their productivity since they expect to earn appreciation and recognition from the top management. (Brown, 1998). The culture facilitates achievement of the mission of the organisation through enabling employees take responsibility for their roles and responsibilities in the organisation (Brown, 1998). The culture affects the organisation in several ways. The culture acts as the organisational identity and contributes to brand image formation (Brown, 1998). Culture enables the orga nisations create energy and caprice for future success through outlining the employee attributes and behaviours that are essential for the attainment of the mission of the organisation. The culture promotes healthy relationships in the organisation thus limiting the chances of employee grievances and go-slows that may negatively impact on the continuance of operations and productivity in the organisation (Brown, 1998). The culture influences the rate of innovation and new product development in the organisation (Brown, 1998). A culture that tolerates risk will encourage employees to experiment news ideas without fear of making mistakes thus contributing to higher chances of implementation of innovative workings processes

Business Basics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Basics - Essay ExampleSecondly, Martha knows that she exit be the resole owner of the traffic when she starts-up as a sole proprietor. She is going to posses all authority and makes decision on behalf of the Apex Company. She will as well have the mandate to transport or transfer the company to another individual business and make important business decisions at her discretion.Probably, the accountants concerns about running a sole proprietary business are the risks that are involved mainly to the owner of the business. Legally, these risks are not treated separately from the business. They seem to be aware of some of the disadvantages of sole proprietorship business. They know that a sole proprietorship business has a liability disadvantage or risk. When Martha starts-up Apex as a sole proprietor business, she will be held directly responsible for any debts, losses, or violations that come from the business. For example, if the company incurs debts that must be paid bac k, Martha as the sole owner will repay the debts from her own personal funds. Again, she can be sued for any unlawful acts done by the employees, which is unlike other business structures. Additionally, if she becomes deceased or incapacitate the business will not continue since the owner and the business are treated as one (Madura, 2007).A partnership business is formed by two or more people who wish to come together to start a business. For a new business structure, partnership is a right(a) choice of legal structure (Madura, 2007). This type of business has several advantages and disadvantages as discussed below.Capital- because of the business nature, the partners are the ones to fund the business with the start-up capital. The more partners they are, the more money they pay for the business, which allows potential growth and flexibility. This also means more profit, which will

Business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business finance - Essay ExampleThe nickel relations of Anglo American plc comprises of devil major procedures in Brazil it is Codemin and in Venezuela it is Loma de Niquel. In may 2010, the association declared the sale of few French construction materials production. The sphere of the company is Basic Materials and the Industry is Industrial Metals & Minerals. The company has more than 50,000 Employees. In 2010 as well as start of 2011 the company experienced a strapping restoration on the support of progressively increasing stipulate and superior prices for all of the commodities in the companys diversified portfolio. Anglo American plcs effloresce policy of paying attention on seven means commodities, lashing cost lessening, protected operations and functioning leading industry presentation is beingness done productively, with all its businesses going down their industry cost structures. This was consequence by a sturdy set of operating outcome. The operating profit of co nference surged by harshly to $10 one million million million, which was $5 billion in 2009, on the same time cash flow from operations (CFO) enhanced from $4 billion to $7 billion. Industrial Metals & Minerals is a major sector in the U.K. economy. I selected to keep Anglo American plc in my portfolio because if performed very well in the last two to three years. Net income and CFO is remarkably marvelous and good. One more thing the demand of commodities in the recent past is risen above. Gold as well as silver mount up. In these scenarios Anglo American plc was a considerable candidate to keep the company in my portfolio. Its price was 3347 pounds when I purchased it. all over the time period of investment from 11 February to 8 April 2011 the company performance remained in slightly loss of 3 pound per stock. I bought 54 stocks of Anglo American plc which closed at 3344 pounds at the end of the trading day of 8 April 2011. Carnival Corporation & plc is the leading and financial ly stable cruise corporation among the biggest and nearly gainful vacation corporations around the globe. The mission of the Carnival Corporation & plc is to distribute outstanding vacation experiences from beginning to end lots of of the worlds best-selling(predicate) journey brands that provide to a diversity of dissimilar geographic areas and way of life, every single one at an exceptional worth unrivalled on land or at ocean.Carnival Corporation & plcs collection of cruise brands is all around the globe including in Europe, North America, Australia and in Asia. The main popular brands of the company are Carnival Cruise Lines, Princess Cruises, Holland America Line. These brands functions 100 ships adding more than 191,000 lower berths with 10 new ships planned to be served between March 2011 t0 May 2014. The company traded on equally the New York stock exchange as well as in London Stock Exchanges, Carnival Corporation & plc is the scantily grouping in the globe to be incorp orated in together the indices of S&P 500 and the FTSE 100. The Sector of the company is consumer goods and the Industry is recreational goods. The company has more than 80,000 workers. Today, the recognition of the Carnival Corporation & plc and business feasibility are contingent on being apparent and sustainable. This implies given that fulfilling vacations while care the treasured guests safe and sound, budding our personnel, and escalation relations with all the stakeholder dealings. Recreational goods are a key sector in the U.K. economy as well as developing

Hospitality marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hospitality marketing - Essay Examplerms of implementing various marketing strategies especially promotional and advertising campaigns in order to communicate about their facilities and availabilities regarding foods and work to a large group of customers. They communicate about the offerings of their exceptional foods, services, designed lobbies as wholesome as their attractive locations. Moreover, the hospitality industry also focuses to communicate about their quality and value based services for the customers (Shoemaker & Shaw 18).However, the product/service taste antenna has also certain drawbacks which might affect the performance of the companies operating in the hospitality industry. The major problem in the product/service orientation approaching can be identified as the offerings of the organizations may not be adequate as per the needs and the desires of the customers (Shoemaker & Shaw 18).This orientation can potentially cause a gap between the expectations of the c ustomers related to the offered product/service and the actual provided product/service. This orientation can positively affect word-of-mouth and customer loyalty ascribable to reason that a satisfied customer will be willing to recommend the used service or product to his/her peers or colleagues.The operations orientation concept of an organization involves the categorization process of the operations in order to efficiently achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. The concept facilitates the organizations to design the roles and the responsibilities of the members allocated in different operational levels of the organization. The operations orientation concept aids to develop the practice in the operational divisions as per the needs and the requirements of the customers (Shoemaker & Shaw 17).However, the operations orientation concept also can equal on an organizations efficient functioning due to an inadequate understanding of the consumer desires and needs which might create a gap between the services

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Study - Essay ExampleThis paper will give an introductory overview and establishmental social structure of the company, explaining how the four principles of management are used in the company as expressed by a former employee of the organization. Formed in 1974 with the merging of British European Airways Corporation and British Overseas Airways Corporation, BA benefited in 1976 when the UK government changed the aviation policies to end competition from British Caledonian, which was the second largest British Airline at that time. BA was later privatized in 1987, and merged with Iberia in 2011 (Buckingham 14). At the beginning of 2010, the organization had over 41,000 permanent employees. Prior to the 2011 merger, BA was strategizing on how to create a leaner organization that had a distinctive and high-performing culture through their flagship programme of change, which they named argue 2012. The programme was to transform the airline business over a three course period a nd help them deliver the goods their vision of the leading premium airline globally. It was to impact on their ways of interacting with each other, how individual performance would be heedful and promotions conducted and create a platform for developing and rewarding talent. Coupled with BAs commitment of being a responsible organisation, the programmes were also intended to achieve environmental targets date putting relationships with vital suppliers on a new scale and carrying on with the tradition of promoting communities in creative ways. To achieve the planned Compete 2012 strategies, BA restructured its top management in 2008 with a third of the team leaving under a voluntary retrenchment scheme. At the same time, the organization was redesigned to promote better leadership, governance and customer focus, making it more efficient. The restructuring also encouraged more employees to shift between functions and gain more experience while finding better outlets for their skill s. With the understanding that a frontline global premium organization has to be effective and bold in developing potential and current leaders, the airline introduced the High Performance Leadership (HPL) system in the same year (Buckingham 23). The HPL was an integrated system that linked objective setting, business strategy, reward and development. Initially pore on top management, the system had a thorough assessment mechanism designed to identify gifted leaders and present them with appropriate support and tools to work the development. The airline also outlined, communicated and started measuring personal performance of employees against three capacities thought to be essential in leaders, on top of operational excellence. They included communication a shared vision, inspiring and motivating others and agreeing accountabilities. Leadership is executed from the top, which previously had nine conductorate heads under the leadership of the Chief Executive (Johnson, Scholes &Wh ittington 11). It is presently set out into two teams one under the Customer and Operations Executive, and the other under the Management Board. The Management Board, with weekly meetings, is charged with the organizations strategic forethought and vision. On the other hand, the Customer and Operations Executive team, also with weekly meetings, accounts for the day by day safety standards, operational performance and customer service. The director of security and safety as well as the legal director report to the Chief Executiv

Sociology of human rights - Explore and assess the challenges of Essay

Sociology of human rights - Explore and assess the challenges of cultural relativism and cultural imperialism in the context of - Essay ExampleHowever, such a deterministic assure of usuality is destined to be unsuccessful as it was in the case of development theory (Donnelly, 2007). According to Barr (2002), consequently, cultural relativists are often similarly deterministic, debate the permanence and fixity of traditional culture. Specifically, in the aftermath of the Second World War, when human rights became a component of international affairs and political scheme as a result of the Holocaust, the universal human rights theory became ever more detached from its previous socioeconomic and cultural ties (Doebbler, 2004). Theorists such as John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, and Maurice Cranston contend that political and civil rights are natural, and are privileges for everyone (Bruun & Jacobsen, 2000). However, these rights have been interpreted as theoretical legal rights, thus ass igning a value to equality without design on the required condition for the accessibility of such rights, either institutionally or concerning the socioeconomic prerequisites (Brannigan, 2000) fundamental to their attainment. Moreover, social and economic privileges were discounted at some advert in the Cold War period by political leaders and Western intellectuals as only a great deal of Soviet preparation to fight the Wests stress on political and civil rights and individual liberties (Brannigan, 2000). Community, the heart of the argument of cultural relativists, was absent in the framework of universal human rights. The system of communism is frequently viewed as repressive and a defiance of genuine human nature (Hashimoto, 2004). In other words, it can be claimed that the advocates of universality have deconstructed political and civil rights, which are allowed to churn in their own dimension, as scholars discuss the details of their arguments (Hashimoto, 2004), which are fr equently enveloped in moral principles. The objective of this essay is to review and discuss the debate on the universality of human rights. The discussion will be composed of a comprehensive compend of the arguments and danger of cultural relativism and cultural imperialism, specifically in the context of the Asian values debate. The Debate between Universalists and Relativists Basically, cultural relativists claim that grassroots values or rights are specific to a culture and that the collective, and not the individual, is the core social component (Pollis & Schwab, 2000). An individuals identity is rigid, reliant on group membership, and the grapheme and status of an individual in this community (Bruun & Jacobsen, 2000). A contemporary Western creation, the rhetoric of rights, is absent in most instances. Interpersonal ties are ruled by a mutuality of disproportionate duties and privileges, which are varied, similar to their core behavioral norms and values (Brannigan, 2000). Nevertheless, what is widespread is that concepts like legal equality, free will, or individualism are foreign, usually hollow notions. The individual is included within the collective whose interests and security has dominance, though the specifics of what comprises the collective good differ (Bell, Nathan & Peleg, 2001). As stated by Sloane (2001), basic to the collective structure is a network of alternative cultural and/or philosophic ideals that furnish legality and authenticity to the social order. Developing Clifford Geertz

Sociology And Social Worlds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sociology And Social Worlds - Essay ExampleMatter refers principally, to the fictitious character material objects play in the making of social worlds (Redman, 2008, p. 8), e.g. money and receipts which help bring in supplements between flock as well as between good deal and objects. It can be argued that things (or matter) can affect social bonds on their own as well, since they have agency as much as people (Carter & Smith, 2008, qtd. in Redman, 2008, p. 12). Matter is inextricably linked to social attachments as well, both between people and between people and objects, everything material is at some point social and vice versa. T here(predicate) is much that has been said by social constructionists in this go steady and this paper attempts to assess the above-mentioned role of matter with regard to what the social constructionists have put forward in this regard. Just how efficacious these arguments are is a matter that will also be addressed herein. In the end, a recommenda tion is made for more research to be done with regard to the role of matter in our attachment forging. To come back to matter, it may also include certain physical/biological traits, such as gender. But here the question arises if it is indeed gender that causes attachments to be forged between people (for instance mother and child, husband and wife) and not social norms. Thus, social constructionists argue, it can be an effect of both factors simultaneously, a woman is biologically female, and hence is expected by society to rear her child and love her unconditionally, however, this does not necessarily bastardly that the love she feels for her child is fabricated it is the role of being a mother that may be socially fabricated, but not the feelings of being a mother. In such a context, it is our bodies, that are matter, and which are used to form attachments between people and between people and things, for instance, a girl having fondness for her doll, whereas a male child ha ving it for his cricket bat. In this regard, social constructionists hold that it is actually the society that causes this errant belief of gender to be transferred into the social lives of people (Gabb, 2008, p. 31). Social constructionists argue that this phenomenon has more to do with social norms and practices than with individual needs and requirements. However, that cannot be completely true. There are certain individual traits that tend to form an attachment between people and objects and between people. In Woodwards article, for instance, the attachment to boxing has been linked with certain ideals of masculinity, while that in itself cannot be considered to be matter, it is, perhaps, the biological sex of a person, and even up the social implications that come with this, that determine and effect the propensity of boxers to be attached to the sport itself and the various factors it brings with it (2008). Moreover, the training of the boxer inculcates in him/her further att achment to the game. Although some would argue that it is more mental than physical attachment to boxing is caused by a certain psychological drive in the person.

Wal-Mart Essay Example for Free

Wal-food market EssayWal-Marts first foray outside the United States was in Mexico in 1991. Although Wal-Market executives had no previous foreign experience, they recognized that there were unassailable income and cultural differences in Mexico. Accordingly, the American retail giant established a 50/50 join jeopardise with Cifra SA, Mexicos largest retailer. notwithstanding havig a partner, the participation made a number of blunders. Among them were poorly translated signs and a merchandise assortment that including inappropriate items such as ice skates,, leaf blowers, and riding lawn mowers. To make matters worse, wal-marts vaunted information system would automatically re-stock merchandise that local managers had tried to exclude out. The Mexican stores sold American-stlyle packedge meat and vegetables, which many shoppers preferred to purchase from small neck of the woods stores. Also, most Mexican suppliers shipped directly to stores rather than to retailer warehous es and distribution centers. Thus, wal-mart lacked the control that translates into low prices in the United States.As Sam Dunn, Director of administration for Wal Mart de Mexico, commented, The key to this market is distribution.The retailer who solves that will dominate. One sign of Wal-Marts long term commitment to Mexico was its decision in mid-1997 to convert its joint venture shares into Cifra common stock and purchase enough additional shares to have a controlling stake in the company the late enterprise is called Wal-Mart de Mexico S. A de C. V. (Walmex). Meanwhile, Wal-Mart saturnine its sights further south. In 1995, the company teamed up with Lojas Americanas SA and opened five stores in Brazil operating without a partner in Argentina, Wal-Mart opened four stores.By 2000, the company was operating 12 Supercenters in Argentina. The stores offer a staggering variety, with a typical mix of round 50. 000 different products. In 1994, wal -mart entered Canada by acquiring t he 122-store Woolco chain. The market appeared very attractive, because a high percentage of the Canadian population lives within 100 miles of the border. In addition to a high familiarity with Wal-Mart, Canadians also articulate English and have a monetary system that is similar to the American one.The small size of existing Woolco stores resulted in disappointing sales Wal-Mart responded by despicable to new locations or expanding units. Much early sales growth came at the expense of existing department stores. Future growth may be hampered by the relatively small Canadian population and a trend towards cross border shopping to escape high value-added taxes. Also, management at Zeller? s, Wal-Mart? s main(prenominal) competitor in Canada, has responded by renovating stores and expanding beyond its traditional discount formula. South AmericaThe retailing environment in South America is very competitive, in part because Carrefour had arrived first. The French company inked distri bution deals with manufactures of leading local bulls eyes this is a key advantage, because well-known consumer packaged goods brands such as Tide detergent are not broadly accepted in South America, Moreover, Carrefour player hardball, undercutting Wal-Mart? s prices on key items such as cooking oil, rice, and shampoo. slightly observers noted that Carrefour? s French heritage undoubtedly gave it the upper hand in presenting fresh fish, meat, and produce.Local retailers were strong as well faced with rampant inflation in the late 1980s, they had invested in sophisticated cash registers and an inventory control system to help them make frequent-even daily-price adjustments. Despite these competitive challenges, Wal-Mart quickly adapted to the unfamiliar environment. It hired local managers, who in turn helped develop the right product assortment and merchandising approaches. For example, the Wal- Mart Supercenters in Argentina initially kept fresh seafood in glass display cases. However, South Americans typically want to examine prospective food purchases up close and even touch them Wal-Mart made the appropriate changes. Wal-Mart quickly discovered that, in South America, the entire family shops together it turned out that Wal-Mart? s aisles were not wide enough to accommodate such groups. Shoppers also were information deprived Wal-Mart responded with clinics and in-stone demonstrations such as weekly makeovers in the cosmetics departments. Wal-Mart also had to adjust the approach of its Sam? s Club warehouse stones. Small business operators were expected to account for a significant amount of purchases at Sam? Club.However, even these buyers were unable to afford the quite a little packs that are mainstays of Wal-Mart? s wholesale club format. Sam? s managers were forced to break down bulk quantities into smaller packs and even sell individual items. europium Market entry in europe came in 1997 whit the purchase of 21 hypermarkets from Wertkauf GmbH. T he following year Wal-Mart acquired 74 additional hypermarkets from Spar Handels AG. The early passing was difficult the two acquired companies were merged under a centralized headquarters, a major remodeling program affecting most of the stores was launched, and distribution was centralized.In addition, the company? s aggressive pricing resulted in a price war among Germany? s retailers who had already been through traumatic changes related to the reunification with East Germany in 1990. Wal-Mrt? s losses in Germany for 1999 were estimated to run as high as $200 million. However, with the transition largely in place, in 2000, company officials announced plans to open 50 more stores in Germany and to double its share of the hypermarket sector to 20 percent by 2003.In 1999, wal-Mart shocked the European retailing world by offering more than $10 billion for Britain? third largest supermarket chain, Asda Group PLC. It was the largest cash offer ever made for a UK business. Industry o bservers noted that Asda had spent years studying such fundamental elements of the Wal-Mart approach as everyday low pricing and an anti-management management culture that, for example, calls for having a greeter at the front of the store and stresses the immenseness of calling store personnel colleagues. As Asda Chairman Archie Norman said, The culture and attitude of Wal-Mart is one that we aspired to. ASIA Wal-Mart is also targeting Asia.With China due to join the world patronage organization, wal-mart executives intend to capitalize on the economic expansion that will follow, wal-mart? s earliest foray into china, a joint venture launched in 1996 with Thailands Charoen Pokphand group, was concluded after 18 months due to management differences. Although Beijing restricts the operations of foreign retailers, wal-mart executives have made a point of building relationships with government officials.In addition, wal-mart exports approximately 4 billion worth of goods from china each year. Joe Hatfield, wal-mart? chief in Asia, spent a great deal of time checking in local shops to amend understand the type of merchandise the typical Chinese consumer wants to buy. Through trial-and-error, wal-mart has learned what type of merchandise sells and what doesn? t. by the end of 2000, wal-mart had 10 stores in china. However, it still lags poop Frances Carrefour SA, which has opened more than 20 small-scale discount stores in 14 Chinese cities. Wherever wal-mart goes, competitors are forced to adjust to the new retail climate.In china, Dutch retailer Royal Ahold NV and Hong Kong supermarket chain park ? N shop have scaled back. In the face of wal-mart? voracious proclivity for acquisitions, metro AG, Germanys number one retailer, bought the Allfauf and kriegbaum hypermarket chains. New slogans that closely resemble wal-mart? s such as ehrliche Niedrigpreise (honestly low prices) greet shoppers at metro? s real hypermarkets, and the stores open earlier in the day . Still, the size and scale of wal-mart? s operation give it tremendous buying power. For example, wal-mart buys 20 percent of all the Pampers brand disposable diapers produced by Procter gamble. In Mexico, Francisco Martinez, CFO of rival commercial Mexicana SA, noted, I buy 20,000 plastic toys, and wal-mart buys 20 million.

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Freedmens Bureau Act of 1865 EssayThe Freedmens Bureau was a government agency enacted marching 3, 1865. The purpose of this organization was to aid and protect the newly freed slaves in the south after the Civil War. This was a rattling influential agency and some tidy sum would find it to be a major influence in the life of newly freed slaves. In this paper I will explain to you the purpose, the events that led up to the Freedmens Bureau, and the people that influenced the Freedmens Bureau. The purpose of the sanction was to provide food and medical care to the freedmen of the south. This bureau was only supposed to be in performance for one year however, congress extended it contrary to the veto Andrew Johnson. In addition to providing food and medical care to the freedmen of the south the bureau also helped to negotiate abandon property, piddle schools, and regulate labor. The bureau was successful in educating the freedmen, but was very unsuccessful in establishing k ill. It was very hard for the newly freed slaves to own land or anything for that manner and it took a very long time to establish anything major for them.Later on after the act was established the freedmen were granted 85,000 acres of land but President Andrew Johnson revoked the land and gave it to the Confederate landowners. After the land was revoked the bureau focused on employment for the freedmen. They were able to acquire employment workings on plantations however, this became a problem when they became sharecroppers and tenant farmers. The bureau had many problems but all in all they did work hard to help the newly freed slaves establish the rights that they werent able to obtain.The freedmens bureau was established on the sympathy of a Civil War hero. He felt sorry for the blacks that had to transition from imprisonment to freedom so suddenly. After President Johnson unconstitutionally vetoed the bill, congress passed the bill over his veto. Whites in the south were opp osed to African Americans having rights, and the bureau didnt waste the proper military force in place to establish any authority. Eventually the military had the move to the western frontier. The bureaus work cauline the establishment of the government involving themselves with social welfare and labor relations.I will now explain the people that played a significant role in influencing and implementing the freedmens bureau. The freedmens bureau was initiated by former President Abraham Lincoln. It was also headed by Union Army General Oliver O. Howard. George Ruby was an African American teacher and administrator that was the bureaus inspector. He helped to establish school for African Americans and he also inspected the field officers that worked within the bureau. Unfortunately below the leadership of President Ulysses S. Grant, the bureau was disbanded.According to history the freedmens bureau was not very successful. Out of all of the promises that were made to the newly fre ed African Americans, very few were kept. Essentially they were left to fend for themselves. Promises such as employment and some education were kept. The promises for land and racial equality were not kept and this anger the supporters of the bureau and the African Americans themselves. If the bureau would have had the proper financial backing and the proper number of staff it probably would have been very successful. Being that the bureau let the freedmen down by not providing the necessary funds, land, and education they lost faith in the United States government. The bureau has been labeled a failure by historians.In essence the Freedmens Bureau was a relief organization set in place to help freedmen transition from slavery to the free world. umteen promises such as land, employment, racial equality, and education were promised but very few promises were kept. The bureau was underfunded and undermanned and the necessary resources hadnt been set in place for it to inflate like it was supposed to.

The Illusive Race Question and Class Essay Example for Free

The Illusive Race Question and Class EssayAbraham capital of Nebraska once said, With malice toward n single, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the perish we are in, to bind up the nations wounds (cited in Franklin 1993). This sentiment has been expressed many times since the absolution of slavery in 1870. Yet with either whole tone we take towards eradicating racial discrimination, we fail to see it encroach in an insidious and malicious manner. We rent been led to think that this epidemic is about the color of a mans skin. In the Illusive Race Question and class it states, Racism resembles bacteria.It has the uncanny ability to resist Cures (Acuna, p. 4) . First Steps Our first biggest step toward eradicating racism in this country was chair Lincolns signing of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Although the document had very little power to exonerate slaves, it was considered an Act of Justice. It was a cry for America to wake up and understand that All men are created Equal. One hundred years later, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson said, Until justice is blind, until education is unaware of festinate, until opportunity is unconcerned with the color of mens skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact cited in Franklin, 1993). Mr. Johnson understood that racism came not just in the form of color, but of education, location, and social status. Earliest Forms of Indoctrination Parents are experienced as the earliest source of children being indoctrinated with racists views , classmates are second ( Savard Aragon, 1989). This study states that during our early gradeschool years each child has learned to do some stereotyping. They also recognize that cultural and institutional prejudices are more subtle, the roots being passed down through many generations.Reverse RacismAnnuit Coeptis takes racism one step gain ground by suggesting that in all of our attempts to restore balance and remove racism we have created reverse racism again the white man. He says it is not rarified on a college campus to see Asian Students Associations, or Latin American Students Associations, but you will not see a White Students Association. The article states, Questions of race on college applications can mean only one thing for college admissions officers, race does matter. That race helps to determine an individuals acceptance to a college is not affirmative action, it is discrimination in action. (Robinson, 2009) Racism in another form Although the Illusive Race Question Class is based primarily on how racism affects Latinos and their history of racism, I have found through the research of this paper, that every ethnicity can claim racism in some form or another. We have all at one time or another been type casted whether it was because of our ethnicity, the area in which we grew up, our familys history or financial circumstances. I c lose with this, My point is that we once believed that racism had been defined and that we were on our way to eradicate this ugly social disease only to find it active and well, but in another form. (Azuna, 2005)

Sleep Disorders in College Students | Annotated Bibliography

Sleep Disorders in College Students Annotated BibliographyCukrowicz, K.C., Otamendi, A., Pinto, J.V., Bernet, R.A., Krakow, B., Joiner, T.J. (2006). The impact of insomnia and forty winks disturbances on slack and unsafeity. star wish, 16(1), 1-10.The finding of this depicted object was to investigate the impact of sleep disturbances and insomnia on depression and suicidality in a non-treatment seeking sample of college students. Results indicated that insomnia and nightmares were significant predictors of symptoms of depression, while only nightmares significantly predicated suicidal ideation. Further analysis indicated that participants with amply levels of insomnia, nightmares, or both experienced differing levels of depression and suicidal ideation. The discussion elaborates on a number of different treatment implications for the findings of this study. For example, the high correlations between sleep disturbances and depression and suicidality indicates the need for pat ients and therapists to monitor sleep regularly as a part of the assessment process and treatment plan. In addition, sleep hygiene and daily rhythm monitoring may aid in identifying phases from each of these disorders by identifying issues of sleep (nightmares in particular) as specific risk factors for depression and suicidal ideation.Koffel, E. (2011). Further soundation of the Iowa sleep disturbances inventory. Psychological Assessment,23(3), 587-598.This study wanted to understand whether visual upkeep impairment contributed to the animal magnetism that is caused by talking on stall predicts while impetuous. The idea is that selective attention causes individuals to only to be able to focus on certain stimuli and ignores others. The fact that talking on the call off requires a certain amount of attention one cannot give their complete attention to driving. In this study, the numbers of participants were not discussed but they were volunteers who were compensated $10 an m in for their snip. The studies were done in a simulated laboratory. The study cannot generalize to the population because the participants were not randomly selected. Furthermore, the study did not explain where did they got their volunteers so that is problematic, which may propel the results. This article fits into the research proposal because it explains how driving and talking on the phone can affect attention and memory. This study provided evidence that attention cannot be shared out evenly because one stimulus takes more of the attention.Koffel, E., Watson, D. (2009). The two-factor structure of sleep complaints and its relation to depression and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 118(1), 183-194.This research examined the effects of electric cell phone usage on simulated driving. The study examined whether age had an effect on divided attention while driving and using hands unblock cell phone chats. The study was conducted using a PatrolSim driving stimulator. Th e stimulator provided real life traffic situations and conditions. The participants in the study were 20 younger adults were between the ages of 18 to 25 years old. The study also included 20 one-time(a) adults who were of the average age of 70 years old. The study also included a questionnaire rough their health. Each participant conversed on the cell phone while the participants were driving. The sample size should be a smaller larger because it makes their results more valid and reliable. The results indicated that the distraction of the cell phone while driving equally negatively influenced older and younger adults. Surprisingly, the study showed that the reaction time was the same as the older adults when the younger adults were on the phone as older adults, reaction time when not conversing on the phone. The research indicated when an individual gaze or stare at an design in the external environment they do not see them when they are engaging in a conversation on the phon e because it diverts their attention to essential cognitive framework associated with the phone conversation.MacFarlane, J.G., Wilson, T.L. (2006). A relationship between nightmare context and somatic stimuli in a sleep-disordered population A preliminary study. Dreaming 16(1), 53-59.This research examined the effects of cell phone usage on simulated driving. The study examined whether age had an effect on divided attention while driving and using hands free cell phone conversations. The study was conducted using a PatrolSim driving stimulator. The stimulator provided real life traffic situations and conditions. The participants in the study were 20 younger adults were between the ages of 18 to 25 years old. The study also included 20 older adults who were of the average age of 70 years old. The study also included a questionnaire about their health. Each participant conversed on the cell phone while the participants were driving. The sample size should be a little larger because it makes their results more valid and reliable. The results indicated that the distraction of the cell phone while driving equally negatively influenced older and younger adults. Surprisingly, the study showed that the reaction time was the same as the older adults when the younger adults were on the phone as older adults, reaction time when not conversing on the phone. The research indicated when an individual gaze or stare at an object in the external environment they do not see them when they are engaging in a conversation on the phone because it diverts their attention to internal cognitive framework associated with the phone conversation.Murdock, K.K. (2013). Texting while stressed Implications for students burnout, sleep, and well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture 2(4), 207-221.This research examined the effects of cell phone usage on simulated driving. The study examined whether age had an effect on divided attention while driving and using hands free cell phone conv ersations. The study was conducted using a PatrolSim driving stimulator. The stimulator provided real life traffic situations and conditions. The participants in the study were 20 younger adults were between the ages of 18 to 25 years old. The study also included 20 older adults who were of the average age of 70 years old. The study also included a questionnaire about their health. Each participant conversed on the cell phone while the participants were driving. The sample size should be a little larger because it makes their results more valid and reliable. The results indicated that the distraction of the cell phone while driving equally negatively influenced older and younger adults. Surprisingly, the study showed that the reaction time was the same as the older adults when the younger adults were on the phone as older adults, reaction time when not conversing on the phone. The research indicated when an individual gaze or stare at an object in the external environment they do no t see them when they are engaging in a conversation on the phone because it diverts their attention to internal cognitive framework associated with the phone conversation.

Robert F Kennedys Rhetoric

Robert F Kennedys RhetoricThe aim of this thesis is to conduct explore into a selection from Robert F. Kennedys 1968 presidential election campaign dustupes, in lodge of battle to outline the key features of his remarks that earned him success in inspiring masses and frightened the power structure.One of the conditions I have decided to conduct question into Robert F. Kennedys rhetoric is individualized. The livery given on the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. has drawn my attention to Robert Kennedys unique talent as a public speaker. The other power is driven by the fact that there is a lack of literature directly discussing the aspects of Robert F. Kennedys rhetoric.With this work I want to demonstrate that the domain of Robert F. Kennedys rhetoric is wizard worthy to be explored and to suggest the topic for further search.In Chapter 3, entitled star Description and Evaluation I describe the progenys and the guide audiences of the analysed public addresses. In addition I also delineate the main linguistic aspects of the particular lyrices and I explain in what terms the analysed worldly meets the research criteria.In Chapter 4 I describe political speech as an individual genre within the domain of political discourse. I also explain from what perspective Robert Kennedys selected addresses slide by under the genre of political speech.I de b bothoting Chapter 5 to Robert Kennedys biography, character study and the historico-political background of the time for several reasons. During the analysis of the core research material I lay great emphasis on the sceneual meaning (Firth 1957 in Downes 1998 371) of Robert Kennedys utterances. Therefore I want to make the reader familiar with the mount and the so bided member resources (Fairclough 1989) within the discourse of Robert Kennedys selected addresses. Fairclough describes these member resources as prototypes which people have in their heads and draw upon when they produce or interpr et texts including their knowledge of language, representations of the natural and social worlds they inhabit, values, beliefs, assumptions, and so on. they be social in the sense that they have social origins they atomic number 18 socially generated, and their nature is dep demiseent on the social traffic and struggles out of which they were generated (Fairclough 1989 24)I regard Chapter 6 as the body of the thesis. This is the reason why its title is identical with the title of the thesis. Within this chapter I devote smash subchapters to the discourse strategies and different aspects of Robert Kennedys rhetoric. I describe the ways of addressing the target audiences, the forms of interaction between Robert Kennedy and his audiences and the methods of con earlieration of the target audiences. I examine the degree of Robert Kennedys subjectivity and personal involvement in the selected addresses and I also introduce to the reader the means of persuasion applied by Robert K ennedy and his rhetorical idiosyncrasies. Chapter 6 as the almost mazy and most extensive unit of the thesis is intended to provide information essential for answering the research questions formulated in the following chapter.2 research Objectives, Hypotheses and MethodologyThe main objective of the analysis of Robert Kennedys selected public addresses is to point out to what degree are his discourse strategies and rhetorical devices predetermined by factors like the topics covered, the speech events and the nature of the target audiences.According to Stanley Fish there are deuce ways of language that have shaped the history of Western thought on the integrity hand, language that faithfully reflects or reports on matters of fact uncoloured by every personal or partisan agenda or trust and on the other hand, language that is infected by partisan agendas and desires, and therefore colours and distorts the fact which it purports to reflect. It is the use of the second kind of lan guage that makes one a rhetorician, while adherence to the first kind makes one a searcher beetle after fair play and an objective observer of the way things are. (Fish 1989 in Richards 20086-7) I go away analyse the discourse strategies and the rhetorical devices in Robert Kennedys selected public addresses with an additional intention to prove that in terms by Fish he is a seeker after truth and an objective observer of the way things are.During the writing process I pass on concentrate my effort on answering the following research questionsAre the discourse strategies and rhetorical devices predetermined by the topic rendered by the speaker?Are the discourse strategies and rhetorical devices predetermined by the speech event and the nature of the target audience?I would like to build my hypothesis on Hallidays statement that all language functions in contexts of situation and is relatable to those contexts. The question is not what peculiarities of vocabulary, or grammar or pronunciation can be directly accounted for by reference to the situation. It is which kinds of situational factor determine which kinds of selection in the linguistic system. (Halliday 2009 94) Through my research I will attempt to prove that Robert Kennedys rhetorical devices and discourse strategies in his selected utterances are predetermined by situational factors like the topic, the speech event and the nature of the target audience. I hereby underline that I will analyse the contextual meaning (Firth 1957 in Downes 1998) of Robert Kennedys utterances in order to substantiate my supposition of predetermination.From the methodological perspective, I subject the research material to a qualitative political discourse analysis. I will conduct a critical reading of the transcripts of the selected public speeches and at the same time listen to the audio recordings of the addresses in order to outline also those aspects of Robert Kennedys utterances which cannot be exposed only th rough the analysis of their transcripts. These are curiously the paralinguistic features, like the regulate of voice, intonation, gestures etc. The audio recordings will help me to clarify ambiguous situations where the question what is said? will not allow for any adequate judgements.In order to avoid lengthy repetitions of the titles of the selected speeches I have decided to deploy an indexing method. Therefore I will further refer to the University of Kansas address as delivery A, to the Remarks on the character assassination of Martin Luther King as Speech B and to the Cleveland City order of magnitude address as Speech C. Through the research I will refer to Robert Francis Kennedy as Robert Kennedy or RFK.The core research material has been selected according to the following research criteriapublic speeches with a classical rhetorical organizational patternpublic speeches delivered to target audiences of different natureaddresses with various speech eventsaddresses with various topics of moral valuesutterances free of partisan agendasIn my work I predominantly rely on the following literatureThe factual information for Robert Kennedys biography, character study and the historico-political background of the time I retrieve from Robert Kennedy and his Times (1985) written by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and from RFK His Life and Death (1968) written by Jay Jacobs. The book RFK Collected Speeches (1993) edited and introduced by Edwin O. Guthman and C. Richard Allen contains valuable information about the events and the context of the selected public addresses.The theoretic knowledge for the analysis of the discourse strategies and rhetorical devices in Robert F. Kennedys selected public addresses I gain from the following worksLanguage and Power (1989) by Norman Fairclough is an especially useful source for critical discourse analysis as it contains several demonstrations of discourse analysis in practice. I use his model for the interpretation of the utterance meaning in the analysed material from the position of the analyst. I draw on his conception of the member resources within a discourse, which justifies my conclusiveness to introduce to the reader the historico-political context of the analysed material and some biographical facts about Robert F. Kennedy.Meaning in Interaction an Introduction to Pragmatics (1995) by Jenny Thomas provides me with the theoretical knowledge to decipher the illocutionary forces and the unspoken meanings of Robert Kennedys particular utterances. Through the analysis of the selected addresses in Chapter 6 I rely on her model of interpreting illocutionary forces to understand the meaning of Robert Kennedys utterances depending on their context.Language and auberge (2009) by M.A.K. Halliday (edited by Jonathan J. Webster) furnishes me with the conceptions of the field, tenor and mode of the discourse, which allows me to identify, what is linguistically important in a given utterance in relatio n to its context. I build my hypotheses on Hallidays theory that external factors determine the individuals selections in the linguistic system. Through the whole analysis of the selected addresses in Chapter 6 I rely on the above theory to identify to what degree are Robert Kennedys utterances predetermined from a linguistic perspective by factors, like the topic rendered, the speech events and the nature of the target audiences.3 Corpus Description and EvaluationThe analysed resource material of this thesis consists of a selection of three significant speeches of Robert F. Kennedys public addresses during his 1968 presidential campaign. Namely, in chronological order, the speech from parade 18th, given at the University of Kansas, the Remarks on the blackwash of Martin Luther King from April 4th, delivered in capital of Indiana and the Remarks on the Mindless Menace of Violence in America, delivered at the Cleveland City Club on April fifth.I would like to start the corpus desc ription with some quantitative statistics about the analysed material.The most extensive of the texts in subject is the University of Kansas address which consists of 3942 oral communication and 17 386 characters without spaces, the second text, which is the transcript of remarks on Martin Luther Kings assassination is composed of 618 words, counting 2653 characters without spaces and the last one, the Cleveland City Club address comprises 1080 words and 4700 characters without spaces.In the following pages of this chapter I will describe the analysed texts individually. My description will predominantly focus on the context behind the public addresses, including a portrayal of the setting and the occasion. At the end of the chapter I will also explain the reasons for integrating these particular speeches into the research.The University of Kansas address (further referred to as Speech A, in abbreviated form SA) was delivered by Robert F. Kennedy just two days after the announcemen t of his candidacy for the President of the United States. It was the second real public speech of his freshly started campaign. He came to Kansas with doubts about his popularity, since the state was generally rural with a conservative majority, where he, as a liberal and a critic of the military efforts in Vietnam, could not expect much affability. (Kennedy and Guthman and Allen, 1993 323) To his and his staffs surprise, their warm receipt at the campuses disproved their assumptions. With twenty thousand people present, Robert Kennedy drew the largest crowd in campus history. (Kennedy and Guthman and Allen, 1993 327) He came to the university to talk to young people, the group of citizens his campaign program predominantly aimed at. The objective of his speech was to express his viewpoint towards the situation within the country and towards the War in Vietnam, to inform and confront his audience with the problems the country was facing and to persuade them to vote for him in th e election.As usual when talking to young people he began his address with his famous self-deprecating humour to set a friendly aureole and create a positive relationship with the target audience before he moved on to sensitive topics.The points of his argument lined up in the following order the polarization and violence within the country, the alarming conditions of poverty in certain areas of the country and the progress of the War in Vietnam.The way Robert Kennedy renders the above mentioned issues is descriptive, with linear organisation of the topics covered. The style of addressing his audience could be characterised as direct, confrontational and contemplative. Robert Kennedys interaction with the target audience is most noticeable in this address.This speech is contentious and demonstrates a high degree of RFKs personal involvement as he frequently asserts his own beliefs, demands and opinion. The persuasive strategy through argument dominates the address.The Remarks on t he Assassination of Martin Luther King (further referred to as Speech B, in abbreviated form SB) was delivered in Indianapolis in the evening of April 4th 1968. RFK was heading for Indianapolis to give a speech to a in the main black American community in the city ghetto as a part of the rally. Before boarding the plane he was told that Martin Luther King had been shot in Memphis, Tennessee. Right after their plane landed he was informed that Martin Luther King had died of the injury. The crowd had been gathering for the rally in the ghetto for one hour before Robert Kennedy arrived. They were already fired up, albeit they could not have heard any official news about the assassination. Some of them were armed and violent. Robert Kennedy was advised by the police representatives not to go there, because they would not be able to defend him if mob violence broke out. RFK decided to face the danger and talk to his audience, consequently taking up the unpleasant role to be the first t o inform them about the death of Martin Luther King.Robert Kennedys words were meant from his heart. He alluded to the assassination of his brother. He alleviated the tension and literally tranquilized the audience. He looked the people to seek peace in their faith as a tribute to Martin Luther Kings bequest.On this occasion RFK spoke to an audience of in general black people from the ghetto of the city. His tone of voice was moderate. Every single word of his utterance showed empathy and his personal involvement in the issue. He used simple, but at the same time delicate language and short sentences built up from sophisticated words. He managed to draw the audiences attention to terms like love, wisdom, understanding and tenderness toward one another.His purpose was to shift the attitude of the crowd, to move and inspire them. He applied persuasion through emotions and through his own character. The style of the address is lyric and emotional, obviously determined by the tragic event.This speech was built up solely from Robert Kennedys own words. It was delivered without a written template, only from the memory of RFKs own notes. For this reason this address shows several traits of extemporaneousness.As a reaction to Martin Luther Kings assassination the whole country was in flames that night, there were violent demonstrations, riots and boycotts initiated by African-American communities for revenge. In Indianapolis there were no significant protests registered.The Cleveland City Club Address (further referred to as Speech C, in abbreviated form SC), was delivered by Robert Kennedy in Cleveland, Ohio on 5th April 1968.After the Indianapolis speech on Kings assassination, RFK cancelled his oncoming campaign appearances. (Kennedy and Guthman and Allen 1993 358) However he was persuaded by some African-American community leaders to custody his address, scheduled for the next day at the Cleveland City Club and to make it a plea for ending the violence. (Kenn edy and Guthman and Allen 1993 358)RFK addressed his speech to a crowd of mostly white executives at the City Club. As usual, he conveyed his message in a moderate, soft tone of voice. The primary purpose of the speech was to express his reside about the violence in the country and to put the reasons for this growing violence in the country into focus.The overall organisation of the topics is associative. The content of the speech is confrontational and contemplative. The reference and closing paragraphs are built up from merely simple sentences, while the core of the address consists of complex philosophical units.The style of RFKs utterance is emotive for he assay to persuade the target audience through emotions and through his own reasoning.This is the most lyrical address of the given selection with numerous examples of figurative language.My decision to include in the research exactly these three public speeches of Robert F. Kennedy during his 1968 presidential campaign was determined by several factors. During the process of selection I took into condition the previously formed research hypotheses. This approach directed me to choose speeches which adequately demonstrate to what extent were the rhetorical devices used predetermined by the target audience, the speech event and the topics covered in them.My first quantity was to select speeches that are organized according to the classical rhetorical pattern, that include introduction, argumentation and conclusion. Since all of the selected speeches are built on this pattern, they evidently meet the first criterion.The second criterion for the selection was the target audiences character. My firm intention was to analyse several of RFKs public addresses delivered to audiences of a different nature. With the given selection I managed to adhere to the plan. The speech at the University of Kansas was delivered to students, a community of young people the predominant target group of Robert Kennedys campai gn. The remarks on the assassination of Martin Luther King addressed mostly black uneducated ghetto people of various age groups. The Cleveland City Club speech was given in front of mainly white executives of a higher social class. The above brief descriptions of the target audiences of the selected speeches indicate substantial heterogeneity from social perspective. The size differences between the audiences are also remarkable, with the University of Kansas crowd as the largest and the Cleveland City Club attendees as the smallest.The terzetto criterion for the selection was the event of the particular speeches. Here I also attempted to seek variability in order to provide more objective evaluations of the rhetorical devices determined by the event of the utterance. The University of Kansas speech was an ordinary political speech during Robert Kennedys campaign rally. He covered the main points of his program the divisions, the poverty and the War in Vietnam. He explained why he was running for the presidency and asked for the audiences support. The speech on Kings assassination was most affected by the occasion. Robert Kennedy could not deliver his pre-prepared speech instead he transformed the appearance into an honest tribute to Martin Luther Kings memory and legacy. The third speech, the Cleveland City Club address was still influenced by the happenings from the day before. Robert Kennedy again had to reformulate his initial message. Although he spoke about issues also included in his campaign proclamation, one can scarcely call his address an ordinary campaign speech. Not once he did mention his candidacy nor did he ask for any support directly. Briefly we can summarise the speech events as follows an ordinary campaign rally at a university campus, an extemporaneous tribute to the legacy of an assassinated public leader in a city ghetto and a plea for reconciliation and non-violence in front of an audience of distinguished executives.The fourth and th e most important criterion for the selection was the content of the individual speeches. Hereby I admit a relatively higher degree of subjectivity, since in this case the criterion was considerably conditioned by my own interpretation of the messages. I attempted to choose those addresses from Robert Kennedys 1968 campaign speeches which most of all prove the extraordinary phenomena of his rhetoric. The University of Kansas speech was selected for his involvement, objectivity and for the emphasis of moral obligation over material values. The lyricism and spiritualism and the calming effect of the carefully chosen words in the Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King were all factors of great importance that determined my choice for this piece of rhetoric. The Cleveland City Club address is remarkable for Robert Kennedys concern about humanity. It is an emotive call for peace and reconciliation of mankind. I chose this utterance in addition to its many unique qualities es pecially for the philosophic thoughts and prophetic words it communicates, which more than forty days later still appear to be relevant.The fifth criterion was to select speeches that are free of any partisan agendas and manifestations. Robert Kennedy in the selected addresses does not enforce any programs or any political ideologies he rather draws his audiences attention to the real conditions in the country which affect them all. Nonetheless he categorically distinguishes himself from hiding the truth in illusions and empty promises.I was lead by the above assumptions during the selection of the core research material. I hope the fact that the selected speeches evidently meet all the criteria defined justifies my choice.